Journal of Natural Products Discovery
type: channel
description: JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS DISCOVERY (JNPD) is devoted to the publication of original articles The Journal publishes papers describing significant novelty in the analysis, isolation of metabolites, biological and pharmacological properties of natural products (including whole plants, marine organisms, terrestrial animals, fungi, bacteria and viruses, their cells, tissues and organs. The derived extracts and isolates should have characteristics or activities relevant for either basic biological sciences (botany, ecology, biochemistry, pharmacology, etc.) or use in the food, agrochemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and related industries. All forms of physical, chemical, biochemical, spectroscopic, radiometric, electrometric, chromatographic, metabolomic and chemometric investigations of plant products are also within the scope of the journal. Papers dealing with novel methods relating to areas such as data handling / data mining in plant sciences will also be welcomed.
publisher: Liverpool John Moores University
language: en
publication name: Journal of Natural Products Discovery
issn: 2755-1997
copyright: This journal provides immediate open access to its content with no submission or publications fees. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a LicenceCreative Commons Attribution License that allows others to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full text of works in this journal. It also allows others to remix, adapt and build upon the work, as long as credit is given to the author(s).
items: Bacterial Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Microorganisms Isolated from Hospital Fomites: Implications for Infection Control and Antibiotic Stewardship.
items: Phytochemical profiling, in-vitro Antibacterial and Synergistic Assessment of Harrisonia abyssinica (Radlk.) Exell and Dichrostachys cinerea (L) Wight&Arn. Root Extracts
items: Anti-mycobacterial and phytochemical analysis of medicinal plants used in Magu district, Tanzania.
items: https://ljmu-ojs-prod.ljmu-eprints.cdl.cosector.com/JNPD/article/view/3466
items: Nutritional and Medicinal Potentials of Polyalthia longifolia Leaf Extracts in Animal Production
items: REVISITING THE STRUCTURE OF STRYCHNINE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS: AN “INADEQUATE” APPROACH TO WOODWARD AND ROBINSON’S WORK.
items: Crude pineapple extract inhibits WHO priority groups bacteria that are causing skin and soft tissue infections: A cost-effective alternative in the fight against AMR
items: Phytochemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activity, and In Silico Evaluation of Azadirachta indica Stem Bark Extracts against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens
items: Formulation and Characterization of a Transfersome-based Oral Care Gel: Development and Delivery of Encapsulated Lidocaine
items: Pharmacological and therapeutic applications of scorpion venom peptides: A Review
items: 6th annual CNPD Conference 2025
items: Sustained Release of Linalool from DLP 3D-Printed Films for Topical Antimicrobial Applications
items: Three experimental animal parasite models for assessing anthelmintic efficacy and immunopotentiating properties of natural products: protocols and applications
items: Exploring microalgal lipids as anti-virulence agents targeting MDR Vibrio cholerae infection: A Step Toward Developing Herbal Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS) Formulations
items: 3D Printing of Multilayered Hydrogel containing Hyaluronic acid and Linalool
items: Anti- inflammatory response of Zanthoxylum myriacanthum Wall. ex Hook.f. fruit extract
items: Assessment of Aerides odorata's Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, Thrombolytic, and Antiarthritic Properties: A Comparative In Vitro Analysis of Its Different Parts
items: The Proceedings of the 5th CNPD Conference
items: A systematic review on the detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae
items: FORMULATION OF AN ANTIOXIDANT HYDROGEL FACE MASK USING AN ORGANIC, SUSTAINABLY SOURCED, STANDARDISED WATER EXTRACT OF YERBA MATE (ILEX PARAGUARIENSIS) AS ACTIVE INGREDIENT.
items: Antimicrobial Activities, phytochemical composition and thin layer chromatography profile of Gossypium hirsutum and Abelmoschus esculentus leaves extracts
items: IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL, TOXIC, ANTI-ARTHRITIC AND THROMBOLYTIC PROPERTIES OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF PLANT ORCHID RHYNCHOSTYLIS RETUSA (L.) BLUME.
items: Soxhlet extraction cycle-dependent diversity in phenolic profile and antioxidant potency of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata F. rubra)
items: RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN THE CENTRE FOR NATURAL PRODUCTS DISCOVERY IN 2023
items: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN NATURAL PRODUCT DISCOVERY: AN INTERVIEW WITH BARD.
items: THE RELEVANCE OF TOPICAL PLANT USAGE IN TRADITIONAL HERBAL MEDICINE: AN INVESTIGATION INTO WEST AFRICAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL PLANTS WITH COSMECEUTICAL POTENTIAL IN SOUTHERN GHANA.
items: APOPTOTIC ACTIVITY OF BOSWELLIA CARTERII EXTRACT ON HUMAN NEUTROPHILS.
items: LEGALISING DRUGS OF ABUSE: THE LE CHATELIER THOUGHT EXPERIMENT
items: Quantification of Linalool in 3D Printed Fast-Dissolving Oral Films by A High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography Method
items: How specific is Crispr-Cas9?

Bacterial Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Microorganisms Isolated from Hospital Fomites: Implications for Infection Control and Antibiotic Stewardship.
type: item
description: Hospital fomites are potential reservoirs for pathogenic microorganisms and play a significant role in the transmission of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). This study investigated the bacterial diversity and antibiotic resistance patterns of microorganisms isolated from various hospital fomites. Ten different hospital surfaces, including beds, desks, benches, and diagnostic equipment, were sampled and analyzed for microbial contamination. Surface swab samples were collected aseptically and cultured using standard microbiological techniques, followed by biochemical identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing using disc diffusion technique. A wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were isolated, with the highest microbial diversity observed on patient beds and benches. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed high resistance levels, especially to Ofloxacin (92.5%) and Ceftriaxone (87.5%), while Gentamicin showed the highest susceptibility rate (47.5%). The findings highlight the critical role of fomites in nosocomial pathogen persistence and the pressing need for improved disinfection protocols and antibiotic stewardship.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hospital fomites, healthcare-associated infections, bacterial diversity, antibiotic resistance, antibiotic stewardship.
  topic: keywords
creator: Olumide Oluyele
creator: Okiki Kelly Oluwasegun
creator: Abiodun Akande
creator: Marvelous Titilope Adamu
creator: Kofi Adusa Osei
creator: Temitayo Akinsiku
creator: Emmanuel Godwin Ogunjobi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Olumide Oluyele, Okiki Kelly Oluwasegun, Abiodun Akande , Marvelous Titilope Adamu, Kofi Adusa Osei, Temitayo Akinsiku, Emmanuel Godwin Ogunjobi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-01
publication date: 2026-04-01
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article3478

Phytochemical profiling, in-vitro Antibacterial and Synergistic Assessment of Harrisonia abyssinica (Radlk.) Exell and Dichrostachys cinerea (L) Wight&Arn. Root Extracts
type: item
description: Introduction: The increasing emergence of antimicrobial resistance necessitates the exploration of medicinal plants as alternative sources of novel antibacterial agents. This study investigated the phytochemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of Harrisonia abyssinica (Radlk.) Exell and Dichrostachys cinerea (L) Wight&Arn., two medicinal plants traditionally used in the management of infectious diseases. Materials and Methods: Crude extracts were subjected to Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis to identify bioactive constituents, while antibacterial activity was evaluated using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method against selected pathogenic bacteria. GC–MS analysis revealed the presence of diverse bioactive compounds, including alcohols, fatty acid derivatives, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds, with notable constituents such as 2,3,4-trimethyl-2-pentanol and other oxygenated hydrocarbons detected in Dichrostachys cinerea. Results: Both plant extracts demonstrated measurable antibacterial activity, with MIC values indicating moderate to strong inhibition against tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Comparative analysis showed that Harrisonia abyssinica exhibited relatively stronger antibacterial effects, which may be attributed to the higher abundance and diversity of antimicrobial phytochemicals. Conclusion: The observed antibacterial activity and their phytochemical constituents reveal the ethnomedicinal use of Harrisonia abyssinica and Dichrostachys cinerea as promising sources of antibacterial agents for further isolation, characterization, and pre-clinical evaluation of their active compounds.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY, HARRISONIA ABYSSINICA, DICHROSTACHYS CINEREA
  topic: keywords
creator: Tekla Joseph
creator: Adelina Thomas
creator: Michael Qwarse
creator: Vitus Silago
creator: Joseph Sempombe
creator: Ramadhani Nondo
creator: Tanga Mafuru
creator: Sheila Maregesi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tekla Joseph, Adelina Thomas, Michael Qwarse, Vitus Silago, Joseph Sempombe, Ramadhani Nondo, Tanga Mafuru, Sheila Maregesi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-01
publication date: 2026-04-01
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article3477

Anti-mycobacterial and phytochemical analysis of medicinal plants used in Magu district, Tanzania.
type: item
description: Introduction: Tuberculosis remains a global health threat, further complicated by the rise of multi-drug-resistant of the available antimycobacterial drugs. Some secondary metabolites of plants have demonstrated potential antimycobacterial activity against different mycobacterium stains. This study aimed at investigating antimycobacterial activities and secondary metabolites of medicinal plants claimed to manage tuberculosis in Magu District, Mwanza – Tanzania. Materials and methods: Medicinal plant were selected from the community. Both 80% ethanol and water extracts (prepared according to traditional methods) were tested against two non-pathogenic mycobacterial strains: Mycobacterium indicus pranii and Mycobacterium madagascariense, using the broth microdilution method. The Phytochemical screening of the most active extracts was conducted using standard chemical tests. Results: Among the 17 plants, 11 (64.7%) 80% ethanolic extracts showed antimycobacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 19 μg/mL to 1250 μg/mL. Notably, the 80% ethanolic extract of Zanha africana (Radlk.) Exell (stem bark and roots) showed the strongest activity, with MICs of 19 μg/mL and 39 μg/mL against M. indicus pranii and M. madagascariense, respectively. The Harrisonia abyssinica Oliv. extracts also displayed good activity with MICs of 39 μg/mL. Lanna fulva (Engl.) Engl, and Dichrostachys cinerea (L) Wight&Arn. showed average activity at 78 μg/mL. In contrast, decoction extracts prepared using traditional methods showed little to no activity, except for Z. africana stem bark, which had weak activity (417±147 μg/mL). Conclusion: The presence of secondary metabolites in the selected medicinal plants support the reliability of traditional knowledge. This suggests isolation of active antimycobacterial compounds of Z. africana, H. abyssinica, L. fulva, and D. cinerea warrant.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Medicinal plants, Minimum inhibitory concentration, secondary metabolites, tuberculosis, Mycobacterium indicus pranii and Mycobacterium madagascariense
  topic: keywords
creator: Tekla Joseph
creator: Adelina Thomas
creator: Michael Qwarse
creator: Tanga Mafuru
creator: Joseph Sempombe
creator: Ramadhani Nondo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tekla Joseph, Adelina Thomas, Michael Qwarse, Tanga Mafuru, Joseph Sempombe, Ramadhani Nondo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-01
publication date: 2026-04-01
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article3467

https://ljmu-ojs-prod.ljmu-eprints.cdl.cosector.com/JNPD/article/view/3466
type: item
title: Fractionation-Guided Evaluation of Justicia secunda and Kalanchoe pinnata as Inhibitors of DNA Gyrase and Penicillin-Binding Proteins in Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae
description: Background: The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens necessitates alternative antimicrobial agents; thus, this study combined fractionation-guided in vitro evaluation with in silico target-based analysis to assess the antibacterial potential and possible mechanisms of action of Justicia secunda and Kalanchoe pinnata against MDR Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methods: Crude extracts of J. secunda and K. pinnata were prepared by maceration and subsequently fractionated. Phytochemical profiling was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antibacterial activity against MDR A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae was evaluated using agar well diffusion, while minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by broth dilution. Molecular docking with MM/GBSA refinement assessed interactions of identified compounds with DNA gyrase (A. baumannii) and penicillin-binding protein (K. pneumoniae). ADMET and drug-likeness properties were predicted in silico. Results: HPLC analysis revealed diverse phenolic acids and flavonoids in both plants, with abundant compounds including naringin, myricetin, baicalin, apigenin, catechin, and mangiferin. Fractionation enhanced antibacterial activity relative to crude extracts. In J. secunda, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest activity (zones up to 27.33 mm; MIC 3.125 mg/mL). In K. pinnata, n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions produced inhibition zones up to 27.00 mm, while the aqueous fraction exhibited the lowest MIC (3.125 mg/mL). Docking studies identified several phytochemicals with higher predicted binding affinities than standard antibiotics, alongside favorable ADMET profiles and Lipinski compliance. Conclusion: Justicia secunda and Kalanchoe pinnata contain bioactive phytochemicals with significant antibacterial activity against MDR pathogens, supporting their potential as sources of novel antimicrobial leads.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fractionation-Guided Antibacterial Screening
  topic: keywords
subject: Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens
  topic: keywords
subject: Justicia Secunda
  topic: keywords
subject: Molecular Docking
  topic: keywords
subject: Admet Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Kalanchoe Pinnata
  topic: keywords
creator: Olumide Oluyele
creator: Success Faith Olaoluwa
creator: Victoria Akanji
creator: Gladys Egunjobi
creator: Enoch Eweola
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Olumide Oluyele, Success Faith Olaoluwa, Victoria Akanji, Gladys Egunjobi, Enoch Eweola https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-01
publication date: 2026-04-01
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article3466

Nutritional and Medicinal Potentials of Polyalthia longifolia Leaf Extracts in Animal Production
type: item
description: The clamour for organic agriculture necessitated the use of phytogenics in animal production. This study evaluates the nutritional and medicinal properties of P. longifolia leaf extracts, focusing on proximate composition, amino acid profile, mineral content, vitamin composition, phytochemical constituents, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial activity. The proximate analysis revealed a high carbohydrate content (66.47%), along with notable levels of crude fiber (10.01%), crude fat (7.61%), and crude protein (5.24%). Amino acid profiling identified glutamic acid as the most abundant amino acid (23.98 mg/100g), with essential amino acids such as leucine, phenylalanine, and valine present in significant quantities. Mineral analysis highlighted the presence of essential elements including iron (87.52 mg/100g), zinc (50.62 mg/100g), potassium (40.9 mg/100g), and phosphorus (44.92 mg/100g). Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins, which are known for their therapeutic properties. The antioxidant assay demonstrated a concentration-dependent increase in radical scavenging activity, with the highest inhibition observed at 100 µg/ml. Antimicrobial tests showed significant inhibition of bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, suggesting the potential of P. longifolia as a natural antimicrobial agent. These findings indicate that P. longifolia leaf extracts possess valuable nutritional and medicinal properties that could be harnessed for applications in animal production, particularly in enhancing growth performance and disease resistance.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
creator: Oladeji Joseph Obatayo
creator: Martha Dupe Olumide
creator: Lois Chidinma Ndubuisi-Ogbonna
creator: Adeyinka Oye Akintunde
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Oladeji Joseph Obatayo , Martha Dupe Olumide, Lois Chidinma Ndubuisi-Ogbonna, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-25
publication date: 2026-03-25
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article3461

REVISITING THE STRUCTURE OF STRYCHNINE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS: AN “INADEQUATE” APPROACH TO WOODWARD AND ROBINSON’S WORK.
type: item
description: Background: The structural elucidation of strychnine and brucine by Woodward and Robinson is a landmark in natural products chemistry. At the time it was done by classic degradation techniques. Aims: This research was taken place to confirm and advance the findings of original work by innovative scientists such as Woodward and Robinson via modern analysis. As well as investigating older structure elucidation techniques to determine which method has the largest impact on degrading complex alkaloids such as strychnine and brucine, we will apply these compounds to modern NMR experiments such as INADEQUATE. Methods: a range of degradation techniques such as base hydrolysis, amination, dehydrogenation and oxidation reactions were reproduced and monitored with modern instruments such as EI-LC MS and NMR to deduce structural insights surrounding strychnine’s degradant products. The modern equipment was also used to further current data surrounding strychnine via running elaborate 2D NMR procedures such as 13C-13C INADEQUATE. Results: dehydrogenation via bromination and sulfonation had the greatest influence on degrading strychnine. NMR experiments revealed molecular relationships between the carbons to be able to piece together the skeletal backbone of the compound. Conclusion: Overall, the development in modern analysis has been a key turning point in structure determination, further degradations would be running paired with more extensive 2D NMR processes and older methods are effective but are much more beneficial when hybridised with new technology.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: NMR
  topic: keywords
subject: strychnine
  topic: keywords
subject: alkaloids
  topic: keywords
subject: Natural Products
  topic: keywords
subject: EI-MS
  topic: keywords
subject: Robert Woodward
  topic: keywords
subject: INADEQUATE NMR
  topic: keywords
creator: Layla Comaish
creator: Fyaz Ismail
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Layla Comaish, Fyaz Ismail https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-18
publication date: 2026-02-18
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article3438

Crude pineapple extract inhibits WHO priority groups bacteria that are causing skin and soft tissue infections: A cost-effective alternative in the fight against AMR
type: item
description: Background: The escalating global crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has rendered many frontline antibiotics ineffective, particularly against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria such as carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CarbR), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). With limited new antibiotics entering the pipeline and high costs of drug development, there is growing interest in affordable, eco-friendly alternatives from plant-derived compounds. Pineapple (Ananas comosus), particularly its bromelain-rich peel and crown, contains bioactive phytochemicals with reported antibacterial properties. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of crude pineapple extracts against MDR pathogens associated with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Methodology: This laboratory-based experimental study (May–July 2025) utilized 15 archived clinical isolates of CarbR P. aeruginosa (5), ESBL E. coli (5), and MRSA (5) from the Bugando Medical Centre. Isolates were revived, re-characterized, and tested for susceptibility following CLSI guidelines. Crude bromelain extracts were prepared from pineapple fruit, peel, and crown using ethanol maceration followed by rotary evaporation, and finally drying. Extracts were tested for antibacterial activity via broth micro-dilution assays to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), with experiments performed in triplicate. Results: Peel extract exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity with MICs of 12.5% for CarbR P. aeruginosa and 25% for both ESBL E. coli and MRSA. While crown extract showed MICs of 12.5%, 25%, and 50% against the same pathogens, while fruit extract demonstrated weaker activity, requiring 100% concentration against ESBL E. coli and MRSA. Conclusion: Crude pineapple peel and crown extracts demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against WHO-priority MDR pathogens. Further work should isolate and charact…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Crude pineapple extract
  topic: keywords
subject: ESBL E. coli
  topic: keywords
subject: MRSA
  topic: keywords
subject: Carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa
  topic: keywords
subject: multidrug-resistant bacteria
  topic: keywords
creator: Johannes Rukyaa
creator: Grace Ntambi
creator: Prisca
creator: Hawa H. Mzee
creator: Prince Kachira
creator: Tecla M. Joseph
creator: Abdul W. Kidukuli
creator: Vitus Silago
creator: Jeremiah Seni
creator: Stephen E. Mshana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Johannes Rukyaa, Grace Ntambi, Damiano, Hawa H. Mzee, Prince Kachira, Tecla M. Joseph, Abdul W. Kidukuli, Vitus Silago, Jeremiah Seni, Stephen E. Mshana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-18
publication date: 2026-02-18
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article3432

Phytochemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activity, and In Silico Evaluation of Azadirachta indica Stem Bark Extracts against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens
type: item
description: Introduction: Medicinal plants are valuable sources of bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential. This study aimed to profile the bioactive compounds in the stem bark of Azadirachta indica, evaluate the antimicrobial activity of its crude and fractionated extracts, and explore molecular interactions with key bacterial enzymes. Methods: Crude stem bark extracts were obtained via maceration and fractionated using n-hexane and ethanol. Antimicrobial activity was assessed against multidrug-resistant pathogens using standard microbiological assays. Phytochemical composition was analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), while molecular docking, ADME predictions, drug-likeness, and toxicity assessments were performed in silico. Results: The crude extract displayed broad antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 10–20 mm at 100 mg/mL, showing strongest activity against Acinetobacter baumannii. Fractionated extracts exhibited moderate activity (6–12 mm). MIC values ranged from 50–100 mg/mL for the crude extract and ≥100 mg/mL for fractions. HPLC identified key compounds including quercetin, rutin hydrate, kaempferol, gallic acid and sinapic acid. Docking studies showed rutin hydrate, quercetin, nicotiflorin, and astragalin had high binding affinities for E. coli DNA gyrase B and A. baumannii topoisomerase IV. ADME predictions indicated good gastrointestinal absorption for most compounds, with minimal toxicity and generally favorable drug-likeness profiles, except for rutin hydrate and nicotiflorin.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Azadirachta indica
  topic: keywords
subject: Phytochemical analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Antimicrobial activity
  topic: keywords
subject: Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria
  topic: keywords
subject: Molecular docking
  topic: keywords
subject: Bioactive compounds
  topic: keywords
creator: Olumide Oluyele
creator: Blessing Ifeoluwa Akanbi
creator: Adeniyi Peter Olorundunsi
creator: Enoch Fortunate Eweola
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Olumide Oluyele, Blessing Ifeoluwa Akanbi, Adeniyi Peter Olorundunsi, Enoch Fortunate Eweola https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-18
publication date: 2026-02-18
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article3424

Formulation and Characterization of a Transfersome-based Oral Care Gel: Development and Delivery of Encapsulated Lidocaine
type: item
description: Introduction: This study reports the formulation and development of oral gel-based transfersome nanoformulations prepared via the thin-film method. Lidocaine was incorporated as the active local anaesthetic agent, and different concentrations of excipients were employed to achieve the optimized gel characteristics. Aims: The aim of this research is to design, develop, and optimize a novel oral care gel in combination with lidocaine-entrapped transfersome carriers intended to promote gingival health, and improve the physicochemical and structural characteristics of the formulation for therapeutic applications in oral care. Methods: Hydrogels with lidocaine were manufactured via sequential phase A–D compounding with and without preservative (phenoxyethanol+ethylhexylglycerin or Plantaserve E), then homogenized via magnetic stirring and high-shear mixing to achieve optimum uniformity. Transfersomes were produced by thin-film hydration using a rotary evaporator. These gel-based formulations were then characterized for their rheological properties, texture analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Lidocaine entrapment efficiency was quantified using the HPLC technique and antimicrobial activity was tested against Candida albicans. Results: The optimized gel incorporated transfersome formulation with lidocaine (NF8) demonstrated near-physiological pH (~6.5) and spreadability of 3.0 cm (the same as the control product, 3.0 cm). The same gel formulation showed a viscosity of ~75,840 cP and ~28,200 cP at 2.5 and 10 rpm. The texture analyzer showed a firmness of 122.3 ± 9.1 g and a shear work of 61.7 ± 9.1 g/sec. Entrapment efficiency of lidocaine in transfersome nanoformulation was found to be 71%, whereas the particle size and zeta potential were found to be 268 nm and -3 mV. Whereas non-sonicated dispersions showed larger transfersome particle size (453 nm) and wide polydispersity (PDI of 0.81). Conclusion: These findings showed that transfersome-based gel has…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Transfersome
  topic: keywords
subject: Thin-film
  topic: keywords
subject: Oral gel
  topic: keywords
subject: Lidocaine
  topic: keywords
creator: Iftikhar Khan
creator: Chahinez Houacine
creator: Mandana Shahreza
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iftikhar Khan, Chahinez Houacine, Mandana Javeri Shahreza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-06
publication date: 2025-11-06
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article3407

Pharmacological and therapeutic applications of scorpion venom peptides: A Review
type: item
description: Introduction: In recent years, scorpion venom and its peptide compounds have attracted growing scientific interest. A remarkable biological diversity and strong therapeutic potential characterize these compounds. Aims: to provide a comprehensive review of the therapeutic properties of scorpion venoms. Methods: This analysis is based on a collection of 53 studies published between 2020 and 2025, all of which have strict inclusion criteria and are drawn from reliable sources, including specialized platforms such as PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The studies reviewed focus on the pharmacological effects of scorpion venom and chemical components. Results: The collected data highlight the increased interest in scorpion-derived peptides as pharmacological tools in biomedical research, attributed to their diverse biological actions, including anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiparasitic, analgesic, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective. Among the described mechanisms of action are the induction of apoptosis, disruption of cell membranes, modulation of intracellular signalling pathways, and inhibition of ion channels. Most studies on the subject demonstrate significant efficacy, with low toxicity observed in both in vitro cell cultures and in vivo murine models. Conclusions: This review confirms the promising potential of scorpion venom peptides for developing novel therapeutic and biotechnological applications. However, it also emphasizes the necessity of further clinical research and standardized experimental protocols to fully harness their benefits.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Scorpion venom, Peptides, Therapeutic potential, Pharmacological activities, Review
  topic: keywords
creator: Siham Namiq
creator: Btissam BOUIMEJA
creator: Elmourid Abdessamad
creator: Ahmed KHADRA
creator: Oulaid TOULOUN
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Siham Namiq, Dr. Boumeja Btissam , Dr Elmourid Abdessamad, Pr. Khadra ahmed, Pr. Touloun Oulaid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-18
publication date: 2026-02-18
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article3402

6th annual CNPD Conference 2025
type: item
description: 6th annual CNPD Conference 2025
subject: Conference Abstracts
  topic: section
creator: Touraj Ehtezazi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Touraj Ehtezazi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-08
publication date: 2025-10-08
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article3372

Sustained Release of Linalool from DLP 3D-Printed Films for Topical Antimicrobial Applications
type: item
description: Background Linalool is a naturally occurring antimicrobial agent with potential applications in dermatological treatments. Achieving sustained and controlled release of such volatile compounds remains a challenge in topical delivery systems. Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printing offers precise control over formulation parameters, enabling the fabrication of customised polymeric films with tailored release properties. Aims This study aimed to investigate the sustained-release characteristics of linalool from DLP-printed polymeric films, examining the influence of formulation and printing parameters on release kinetics and therapeutic performance. Method Photocurable resins were loaded with linalool at varying concentrations and processed into films using DLP 3D printing under different conditions, including variations in resin type and projector power. Linalool release was quantified using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Structural and thermal properties were characterised via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Antifungal activity was assessed to determine therapeutic applicability. Results Resin composition and linalool concentration significantly influenced release kinetics, with higher loading levels resulting in increased release rates. Projector power variation did not produce notable changes in the release behaviour. Films containing 20% w/w linalool exhibited strong activity against Staphylococcus aureus demonstrating both efficacy and sustained-release properties. Conclusion DLP 3D printing enables the fabrication of customised polymeric films capable of sustained linalool release, with performance through formulation adjustments. These findings suggest a promising approach for the development of topical antimicrobial delivery systems, particularly for dermatological conditions such as acne.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: 3D printing; Hydrogel, Skincare; Linalool; Personalised
  topic: keywords
subject: DLP
  topic: keywords
creator: Touraj Ehtezazi
creator: Satyajit Sarker
creator: Taketo Yagi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Touraj Ehtezazi, Satyajit Sarker, Taketo Yagi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-06
publication date: 2025-11-06
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article3355

Three experimental animal parasite models for assessing anthelmintic efficacy and immunopotentiating properties of natural products: protocols and applications
type: item
description: <a href="Introduction: Helminthic infections, including soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and intestinal tapeworms, pose a major global health challenge, classified as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Objective: Current control efforts are hampered by expensive treatments, emerging drug resistance, and high reinfection rates. This necessitates the urgent discovery of new anthelmintic drugs and immunomodulatory compounds. Natural products are a promising source for these new therapies. Materials and methods: This paper introduces three experimental animal parasite models specifically designed to evaluate the effectiveness and immune-boosting properties of natural products, namely Hymenolepis diminuta (tapeworm) in mice, Ascaridia galli (nematode) in chickens, and Raillietina cesticillus (tapeworm) in chickens. Rationale: These models provide controlled environments for assessing potential therapeutic compounds and offer systematic methodologies for identifying effective and immunomodulatory natural products. Conclusions: A significant challenge in treating helminth infections is targeting larval stages embedded in host tissues, such as those seen with Hymenolepis nana in humans and hypobiotic trichostrongylid nematode larvae in ruminants. Therefore, demonstrating a natural product's effectiveness against A. galli larvae embedded in the intestinal mucosa is particularly important. Such efficacy would indicate that the product possesses valuable physicochemical and pharmacological properties, paving the way for developing novel treatments against hidden, tissue-dwelling parasites in both humans and animals.">Introduction: Helminthic infections, including soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and intestinal tapeworms, pose a major global health challenge, classified as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Objective: Current control efforts are hampered by expensive treatments, emerging drug resistance, and high reinfection rates. This necessitates the urgent discovery of …
subject: Opinion papers
  topic: section
subject: : INTESTINAL HELMINTHS; ANIMAL MODELS; NATURAL PRODUCTS; ANTHELMINTIC EFFICACY; IMMUNOPOTENTIATION
  topic: keywords
creator: Elsayed Elowni
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Elsayed Elowni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-06
publication date: 2025-11-06
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article3245

Exploring microalgal lipids as anti-virulence agents targeting MDR Vibrio cholerae infection: A Step Toward Developing Herbal Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS) Formulations
type: item
description: Introduction:Cholera, a life-threatening diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae, remains a major global health issue, especially in tropical regions. Increasing antibiotic resistance in V. cholerae strains poses a significant threat to effective treatment. Novel antivirulence strategies that do not promote resistance are urgently needed. Objectives: This study investigates the potential of lipid extracts and crude biomass derived from Chlorella variabilis (CV) and Chlorococcum sp. (CCM) microalgae to inhibit cholera toxin (CT) production by a multidrug-resistant V. cholerae strain (SRK-19), without affecting bacterial viability. Materials and Methods: Lipid extracts and crude freeze-dried biomass from CV and CCM were tested against V. cholerae SRK-19 in vitro for their effects on CT production (measured via ELISA) and bacterial viability. For in vivo validation, a rabbit ileal loop assay was performed, and fluid accumulation (FA ratio), colony-forming units (CFU), and CT levels were measured. Results: Both lipid extracts and crude biomass significantly reduced CT production in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, with up to 97.9% inhibition observed using CCM lipid extract at 150 μg/ml. Crude extracts achieved comparable inhibition, with CV and CCM biomass reducing CT levels by 93% and 97%, respectively, at 1 mg/ml. In vivo studies confirmed reduced FA ratios and CT levels in treated ileal loops, without affecting bacterial growth (CFU counts remained unchanged), indicating that bacterial viability was not compromised. Conclusion: Crude and lipid extracts from CV and CCM demonstrate potent antivirulence activity against V. cholerae by inhibiting CT production without promoting antimicrobial resistance. These findings support the development of a microalgae-based oral rehydration formulation as a promising alternative to conventional antibiotic therapy for cholera.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cholera toxin; Microalgae; Lipid extracts; in-vivo study; anti-virulence
  topic: keywords
creator: Soumya Haldar
creator: Sweta Jaiswal
creator: Nikita Vadadoriya
creator: Nasir Abdul
creator: Ramalingam Dineshkumar
creator: Neeraj Khatri
creator: Sachin Raut
creator: Saumya Ray Chaudhuri
creator: Shruti Chatterjee
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Soumya Haldar, Sweta Jaiswal, Nikita , Nasir Abdul, Ramalingam Dineshkumar, Neeraj Khatri, Sachin Raut, Saumya Ray Chaudhuri, Shruti Chatterjee https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-06
publication date: 2025-11-06
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article3244

3D Printing of Multilayered Hydrogel containing Hyaluronic acid and Linalool
type: item
description: This study presents the 3D printing and the development of multilayered hydrogel formulations containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and linalool (LN) for potential use as a personalised moisturising and anti-acne product. Various shapes were printed via 3D printing for personalised application; however, material characterisation was conducted primarily on the first layer. The average film weight was 2.11 ± 0.20 g, with optimal storage conditions identified as placement on a covered plate at 25 °C. Films containing 10% LN demonstrated a higher linalool release profile (maximum 22.66% of the nominal dose) compared to the 5% LN films, correlating with stronger antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. FT-IR analysis revealed the absence of C=C and C–H peaks in blank and 5% LN films due to water interference, while 10% LN films displayed characteristic LN peaks. Texture analysis showed that the 5% LN film exhibited greater tensile resistance, with the highest force recorded at 27.500 g. LN played an important role in the transformation of hydrogel ink to a liquid-like state under high strain. In conclusion, these findings highlight the potential of 3D-printed HA–LN hydrogels for customisable skincare applications with dual functionality in moisturising and antimicrobial effects.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: 3D printing; Hydrogel, Skincare; Linalool; Personalised
  topic: keywords
creator: Punnatron Kongsithiseth
creator: Satyajit Sarker
creator: Touraj Ehtezazi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Punnatron Kongsithiseth, Satyajit Sarker, Touraj Ehtezazi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-08
publication date: 2025-10-08
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article3240

Anti- inflammatory response of Zanthoxylum myriacanthum Wall. ex Hook.f. fruit extract
type: item
description: Background Zanthoxylum myriacanthum, known as Ma-khwaen, is widely used in Thai folk medicine and as a culinary spice. The whole fruits, including pericarp and seeds, extracted with 95% ethanol has anti-inflammatory potential, but the mechanisms of action need to be validated. Aims To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of fruit ethanolic extract. Methods The extract, prepared via 95% ethanolic maceration, underwent HPLC analysis for quality control using L-asarinin as a standard. Its anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated using the cyclooxygenase inhibitor assay and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells through MTT cytotoxicity, COX inhibition, and RT-PCR assays, measuring inflammatory gene expression (COX-1, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α). Statistical analysis (One-way ANOVA) assessed the significance of findings. Results ZL1 extract, obtained with a 14.32% yield and containing 0.040 % w/w L-asarinin, demonstrated an IC50 of 102.46 µg/mL on RAW 264.7 cells. Notably, ZL1 inhibited COX-2 activity in a dose-dependent manner, while showing no effect on COX-1. Gene expression analysis in LPS-inflamed RAW 264.7 cells further revealed that ZL1 down-regulated COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α at concentrations as low as 12.5 µg/mL, indicating its selective anti-inflammatory potential. Conclusion Zanthoxylum myriacanthum ethanolic extract (ZL1) selectively inhibited COX-2. It significantly suppressed inflammatory genes (COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells at 12.50, 25 and 50 µg/mL, demonstrating its potent anti-inflammatory effects.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Anti- inflammatory
  topic: keywords
subject: Zanthoxylum myriacanthum
  topic: keywords
subject: COX inhibition
  topic: keywords
creator: Sarayut Radapong
creator: Tiyanee Sahad
creator: Nathaphat Harnkit
creator: Praw Suppajariyawat
creator: Detmontree Wachisunthon
creator: Satyajit D. Sarker
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sarayut Radapong, Tiyanee Sahad, Nathaphat Harnkit, Praw Suppajariyawat, Detmontree Wachisunthon, Satyajit D. Sarker https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-08
publication date: 2025-10-08
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article3231

Assessment of Aerides odorata's Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, Thrombolytic, and Antiarthritic Properties: A Comparative In Vitro Analysis of Its Different Parts
type: item
description: Historically, thrombosis, arthritis, cancer, wounds, and infections have all been treated with various herbal preparations. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial, thrombolytic, cytotoxic, and protein denaturation activities of ethanolic extracts from various Aerides odorata (AO) sections in vitro. Fourteen distinct microorganisms were used in the antimicrobial study; for orchid samples, ciprofloxacin was the most effective agent. AO/Leaf was the only one to exhibit antimicrobial potential; AO/Stem and AO/Root did not. Based on their LC50 values, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of plant extracts. AO/Root extract had the greatest cytotoxic activity when compared to AO/Leaf and AO/Stem extracts. Two incubation times (1.5 hours and 24 hours) and two concentrations (one thousand and one hundred ppm) were used to assess the thrombolytic activity of the extracts. The results obtained with regular streptokinase were then compared with the former. Compared to AO/Leaf and AO/Stem extract, it was discovered that AO/Root extract exhibited more thrombolytic activity. Furthermore, the herbal extract's protein denaturation was investigated at four different concentrations, and the results were contrasted with those of Diclofenac sodium. In relation to other sections, the maximum protein denaturation values for AO/Stem extract were determined to be 60.07±2.33%, 47.22±1.43%, 35.05±2.07 %, and 23.74±1.66% for 500–62.5 ppm, respectively.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Aerides odorata
  topic: keywords
subject: Traditional Herbal Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Antimicrobial Activities
  topic: keywords
subject: Brine Shrimp Lethality Bioassay
  topic: keywords
subject: Anti-arthritic
  topic: keywords
subject: Thrombolytic
  topic: keywords
creator: Md. Saifur Rahaman Saifur
creator: Md. Samsur Rahaman
creator: 3. Shah Md. Marzuk Hasnine
creator: Tanvir Ahmed
creator: Salma Sultana
creator: Md. Abdul Quaiyum Bhuiyan
creator: Jahid Md. Mahbub Islam
creator: Md. Ismail Hossain
creator: Mubarak A Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Md. Saifur Rahaman Saifur, Md. Samsur Rahaman, 3. Shah Md. Marzuk Hasnine, Tanvir Ahmed, Salma Sultana, Md. Abdul Quaiyum Bhuiyan, Jahid Md. Mahbub Islam, Md. Ismail Hossain, Mubarak A Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-08
publication date: 2025-10-08
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article3180

The Proceedings of the 5th CNPD Conference
type: item
description: This online conference marks the 5th anniversary of the foundation of the CNPD, which conducts externally funded and impactful natural products research with the aim of discovering new high-value natural products that will contribute to tackling current and future societal and global challenges in health and well-being, socio-economic growth, natural conservation, and environmental sustainability.
subject: Conference Abstracts
  topic: section
subject: Natural Products
  topic: keywords
subject: Conference
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug Discovery
  topic: keywords
creator: Satyajit D. Sarker
creator: Touraj Ehtezazi
creator: Alistair Fielding
creator: Francesca Giuntini
creator: Lutfun Nahar
creator: Ismini Nakouti
creator: Jose M Prieto-Garcia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Satyajit D. Sarker, Touraj Ehtezazi, Alistair Fielding, Francesca Giuntini, Lutfun Nahar , Ismini Nakouti; Jose M Prieto-Garcia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-06
publication date: 2025-01-06
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article2791

A systematic review on the detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae
type: item
description: Introduction: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) represents one of the most pressing and critical public health challenges associated with antibiotic resistance. Challenges persist in accurately and promptly identifying CPE despite the existence of diverse carbapenemases and multiple detection methods. Aim: This study investigated diagnostic methods used for the detection of CPEs. Methods: The systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Electronic databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used to find relevant articles. In addition, the Joanna Briggs Institute quality appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. STATA 14.0 was used for statistical analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed by using Cochran’s Q test and 12 statistics. In addition, publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and Egger’s test. A random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence. Results: The meta-analysis revealed an overall pooled proportion of 40.53% for phenotypic detection of carbapenemase activity across the 11 studies, with substantial heterogeneity observed. Subgroup analysis highlighted variations in detection proportions based on different methods, with mCIM showing the highest proportion at 58,20%, Carba NP at 27.79%, and MHT at 34,62%. Evaluation of publication bias indicated little impact on the results, maintaining the stability of the meta-analysis outcomes. Conclusion: In conclusion, this systematic review showed a high prevalence of CPE across the studies. This study emphasizes the importance of standardized detection methods, global collaboration, and the integration of advanced techniques for accurate CPE detection.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem, CPE, phenotypic method, genotypic method, Meta-analysis, systematic review.
  topic: keywords
creator: Ismini Nakouti
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Ismini Nakouti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-11
publication date: 2025-03-11
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article2797

FORMULATION OF AN ANTIOXIDANT HYDROGEL FACE MASK USING AN ORGANIC, SUSTAINABLY SOURCED, STANDARDISED WATER EXTRACT OF YERBA MATE (ILEX PARAGUARIENSIS) AS ACTIVE INGREDIENT.
type: item
description: Background: The use of natural products in cosmetics has become increasingly popular in recent years. One such natural product that has shown promise as a cosmetic ingredient is Ilex paraguariensis, also known as yerba mate. Aim: to formulate an antioxidant hydrogel face mask using an organic, sustainably sourced, standardised water extract of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) as active ingredient. Methods: Organic yerba mate was water-extracted at 40°C and 80°C. Theobromine, theophylline, caffeine, and various phenolic acids were quantified using RP-HPLC-UV analysis. Extracts were then evaluated for antioxidant activity (DPPH assay). A commercially available mask-making machines for home use was used to produce hydrogel masks based on marine collagen and these were analysed for active ingredient distribution (homogeneity). Results: The differences between 40°C and 80°C water extracts of yerba mate. The content in phytochemicals ranged 0.02-1 mg/ml. The extract equivalence in chlorogenic acid (CA) according to the DPPH assay was 0.25 mgCA / mgextract. The hydrogel facial mask was successfully formulated with 0.1 mg/mL of standardised yerba mate extract. The content in phytochemicals within the gel varied most for caffeic acid and theobromine (approx. 20%) but was <10% for theophylline, caffeine, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, quercitrin, and quercetin. Conclusion: Face masks “home” machines can deliver hydrogel face masks based on marine collagen can incorporate yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) water extracts as active ingredient without detriment of the consistency, texture and sensory characteristics with relatively homogenous concentrations of the active principles.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cosmetic Natural Product
  topic: keywords
subject: Antioxidant
  topic: keywords
subject: Polyphenols
  topic: keywords
subject: Xanthine alkaloids
  topic: keywords
creator: Faten Mokhtar
creator: Jose M Prieto-Garcia
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Faten Mokhtar , Jose M Prieto-Garcia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-28
publication date: 2024-12-28
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article2199

Antimicrobial Activities, phytochemical composition and thin layer chromatography profile of Gossypium hirsutum and Abelmoschus esculentus leaves extracts
type: item
description: Background: This study evaluates the antimicrobial activities, phytochemical composition, and thin layer chromatography (TLC) profile of ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Gossypium hirsutum L. and Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. Aims: The objective is to investigate the phytochemical constituents and assess the antimicrobial efficacy of these plant extracts against various pathogenic microorganisms. Methods: Leaves were collected, identified, air-dried, and powdered. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared and subjected to TLC analysis using silica gel plates and a mobile phase of ethanol, methanol, and ethyl acetate (5:3:2). Phytochemical screening was conducted using standard protocols. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method against pathogens including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Proteus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Candida spp. Results: TLC analysis revealed seven compounds in G. hirsutum and six in Abelmoschus esculentus with distinct Rf values. Phytochemical screening identified phenols/tannins, saponins, flavonoids, reducing sugars, terpenoids, and anthraquinones in G. hirsutum, while A. esculentus contained all tested phytochemicals except phytosterol and essential oil. The antimicrobial assay indicated that ethanolic extracts of both plants exhibited significant antibacterial activity, with G. hirsutum showing higher efficacy. Ethanolic extracts of G. hirsutum inhibited S. aureus and S. typhi effectively, while aqueous extracts showed limited activity. Extracts of A. esculentus leaves inhibited all tested organisms except Proteus, with ethanol extracts also ineffective against S. pneumoniae. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that ethanolic extracts of G. hirsutum and A. esculentus possess antimicrobial properties. These findings support the potential use of these plant extracts in developing natural antimicrobial agents.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antimicrobial
  topic: keywords
subject: Phytochemicals
  topic: keywords
subject: Thin Layer Chromatography
  topic: keywords
subject: Gossypium hirsutum
  topic: keywords
subject: Abelmoschus esculentus
  topic: keywords
creator: Chika Attama
creator: Luka Lawrence
creator: Olanipekun Gabriel Segun
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Chika Attama, Luka Lawrence, Olanipekun Gabriel Segun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-10-15
publication date: 2024-10-15
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article2579

IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL, TOXIC, ANTI-ARTHRITIC AND THROMBOLYTIC PROPERTIES OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF PLANT ORCHID RHYNCHOSTYLIS RETUSA (L.) BLUME.
type: item
description: Background: Infection due to microbes, trauma, cancer, arthritis and thrombosis are the most common problems worldwide. Traditionally, a large number of herbal extracts are used for the treatment of those disorders. Aim: Ethanolic extracts from leaves, roots and stems of Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume were phytochemically characterised and then tested for their antibacterial, toxicity, anti-arthritic, and thrombolytic properties in-vitro. Methods and Results: Disk diffusion inhibition tests with a panel of fourteen different microorganisms was used as the antimicrobial assays. Antimicrobial activity of the stem extract found to be higher (10-11 mm, 400 µg/disk) than that of root extract whereas leaf showed no activity with ciprofloxacin (43-46 mm, 5 µg/disc) serving as reference standard. Toxicity of the plant extracts in terms of their LC50 values against the brine shrimp (A. salina) was assessed. The toxic potential of leaf extract was 6.7 μg/ml, which is higher than that of stem and root extract (c.a. 8.5 μg/ml). Thrombolytic properties were tested in vitro using streptokinase as reference (%Clot lysis after 1.5h & 24h was 76.15±1.94 & 92.59±2.35, 30000iu). The leaf extract exhibited higher activity. Leaf extract (1000 ppm) lysed of 33.08±1.24% of the clot and 60.47±2.33 after 1.5 h and 24 h of incubation, respectively. Anti-arthritic effects measured as albumin denaturation using diclofenac sodium as reference (IC50=60.25 ppm) revealed the stem extract as more active. Conclusion: our research will help to provide evidence for some of the traditional uses of this medicinal plant.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Plant Orchid
  topic: keywords
subject: Traditional Herbal Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Antimicrobial Activities
  topic: keywords
subject: Brine Shrimp Lethality Bioassay
  topic: keywords
subject: Anti-arthritic
  topic: keywords
subject: Thrombolytic
  topic: keywords
subject: In Vitro Pharmacological Model
  topic: keywords
creator: Md. Saifur Rahaman
creator: Md. Samsur Rahaman
creator: SHAH MD. MARZUK HASNINE
creator: Salma Sultana
creator: Mohammad Shahriar Kabir
creator: Md. Abdul Bari
creator: Md. Ismail Hossain
creator: Jahid Md. Mahbub Islam
creator: Mubarak Ahmad Khan
creator: Md. Abdul Quaiyum Bhuiyan
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Md. Saifur Rahaman, Md. Samsur Rahaman, SHAH MD. MARZUK HASNINE, Salma Sultana, Mohammad Shahriar Kabir, Md. Abdul Bari, Md. Ismail Hossain, Jahid Md. Mahbub Islam, Mubarak Ahmad Khan, Md. Abdul Quaiyum Bhuiyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-27
publication date: 2024-06-27
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article2348

Soxhlet extraction cycle-dependent diversity in phenolic profile and antioxidant potency of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata F. rubra)
type: item
description: Introduction: The Brassicaceae vegetables are a rich source of secondary metabolites that exhibit several health benefits and protection against numerous degenerative diseases. Objectives: The current study was performed to investigate the effect of Soxhlet extraction cycles on the phenolic profile of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata F. rubra) and its biological activities. Materials and Methods: The red cabbage sample was harvested from the research fields of Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Faisalabad, Pakistan. The ethanol extracts were prepared using 1-, 2-, 4-, and 8-cycles Soxhlet extraction technique. The antioxidant potential of red cabbage extracts was estimated by evaluation of total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging capacity and reducing power. The identification and quantification of polyphenols were carried out by RP-HPLC. The antibacterial activity of red cabbage extracts was determined against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and the antiproliferative activity was carried out by MTT mitochondrial viability assay against the human A549 cancer cell line. Results: Gallic acid, p-hydroxyl benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, and p-coumaric acid were the major phenolic acids, whereas catechin and quercetin were the major flavonoids detected in the red cabbage extracts. The extraction cycles were found to have significant (p ≤ 0.05) effects on the phenolic profile of the red cabbage extracts. TPC of extracts ranged from 5.22-11.72 mg/g dry matter, measured as gallic acid equivalent, while the TFC ranged from 1.64-5.19 mg/g dry matter; measured as catechin equivalent. The 4-cycles extract of red cabbage exhibited the maximum TPC, TFC, and DPPH free-radical scavenging and reducing activity. Conclusion: The study concluded that the Soxhlet extraction cycles could exert a considerable effect on the yield and polyphenol composition of red cabbage extracts as well as their antioxidant potential. …
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Extraction cycles, Brassica oleracea, Gallic acid, p-hydroxyl benzoic acid, DPPH radical, A549 cancer cell line
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdullah ijaz Hussain
creator: Irsa Zafar
creator: Neelam Iftikhar
creator: Lutfun Nahar
creator: Satyajit D Sarker
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Abdullah ijaz Hussain, Irsa Zafar, Neelam Iftikhar, Lutfun Nahar, Satyajit D Sarker https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-28
publication date: 2024-06-28
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article995

RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN THE CENTRE FOR NATURAL PRODUCTS DISCOVERY IN 2023
type: item
description: In 2023, the Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD) made significant strides in the scientific community through a series of impactful research initiatives. These efforts underscore our commitment to harnessing the world’s natural resources to advance health. The fertile research environment at the CNPD has given rise to various sections, each contributing innovative and practical applications. Our goal here is to provide a concise overview of our research activities for the year. While this summary is not exhaustive, it focuses on the work of our section leaders, which in turn encompasses the contributions of numerous other researchers both within and outside the CNPD.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: Natural Products
  topic: keywords
creator: Jose M Prieto-Garcia
creator: Alistair Fielding
creator: Fyaz M. D. Ismail
creator: Ismini Nakouti
creator: Touraj Ehtezazi
creator: Pattanathu K.S.M. Rahman
creator: Amos A. Fatokun
creator: Kenneth J. Ritchie
creator: Satyajit D. Sarker
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Jose M Prieto-Garcia; Alistair Fielding, Fyaz M. D. Ismail, Ismini Nakouti, Touraj Ehtezazi, Pattanathu K.S.M. Rahman, Amos A. Fatokun, Kenneth J. Ritchie, Satyajit D. Sarker https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article2200

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN NATURAL PRODUCT DISCOVERY: AN INTERVIEW WITH BARD.
type: item
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Jose M Prieto-Garcia
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Jose M Prieto-Garcia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-29
publication date: 2023-12-29
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article2198

THE RELEVANCE OF TOPICAL PLANT USAGE IN TRADITIONAL HERBAL MEDICINE: AN INVESTIGATION INTO WEST AFRICAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL PLANTS WITH COSMECEUTICAL POTENTIAL IN SOUTHERN GHANA.
type: item
description: Introduction: Cosmetopea, a relatively novel and under-reported field in ethnobotany, is concerned with documenting medicinal plants' cosmetic/skin-related uses across countries and cultures. Aim: To identify Western African plants and plant preparations traditionally used for skin conditions and other skin applications and to determine the activity of a selected medicinal plant. Method: A quantitative ethnobotanical survey was conducted within Southern Ghana to investigate knowledge of medicinal plant species and preparations used topically for various skin conditions amongst local and rural communities. Results: Plant use was cited as highest amongst men (76%) and herbal practitioners (60%). In total, the survey revealed 25 medicinal plants distributed amongst 20 plant families with 6 species being most frequently cited overall, which included Senna alata, Ageratum conyzoides, Momordica charantia, Phyllanthus amarus, Alstonia boonei and Ricinis communis. Major skin applications of most plant species reported were for the treatment of skin diseases whilst lesser applications were recorded for cosmetic use. In terms of skin conditions, pimples/rashes was recorded with a high frequency of citations (34.87%). Mixtures were cited as the most common (62%) preparation type whilst raw application was recorded with the lowest usage (3%). A total of 28 medicinal plant recipes were recorded with the leaf plant part being reported with the highest frequency of usage (64%) in preparations. Mechanical extraction techniques including grinding or crushing were frequently cited (46%) whilst solvent extraction namely by water was reported with the lowest use (3%). Conclusion: It was determined that the uses of such plants are relevant amongst local and rural communities and in the traditional herbal industry in Ghana.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Skin conditions
  topic: keywords
subject: Cosmetics
  topic: keywords
subject: Herbal substances
  topic: keywords
subject: traditional medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethnobotany
  topic: keywords
creator: Victoria Ezekwem
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Victoria Ezekwem https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article2197

APOPTOTIC ACTIVITY OF BOSWELLIA CARTERII EXTRACT ON HUMAN NEUTROPHILS.
type: item
description: Neutrophil activation is required for the initiation of the defence mechanisms which include phagocytosis. Paradoxically, neutrophils also represent one of the main mediators of tissue injury in various human diseases. The resolution of inflammation requires getting rid of excess inflammatory cells through natural cell death and phagocyte clearance. Frankincense, an oleogum resin of different species of the genus Boswellia (Burseraceae), has long been used in eastern countries' traditional medicine to alleviate pain and inflammation. Although it was demonstrated that boswellic acids are potent activators of polymorphonuclear cells, little is known about the effects of the total extract on the human phagocytes’ apoptosis. We here undertake a characterization of the Boswellia carteri resin extract (BCE) effects on human neutrophils activity and viability in vitro. Oxidative burst after stimulation with BCE was evaluated by reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) colorimetric method for superoxide anion radical in the the presence of different compounds (N-ethyl maleimide, diltiazem, chelerythrine and wortmannin). Neutrophils viability was assessed by MTT. Flow analyses were performed with propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V-FITC. Our results show that BCE induces the release reactive species of oxygen in human neutrophils in a dose dependent manner. The superoxide anion radical is principally produced via NADPH oxidase since inhibitors of the enzyme may prevent it. Ca+2 depletion reduce the magnitude of activation and PKC and PI3-K are also apparently involved in the process. The BCE has also cytotoxic activity revealed by the MTT assay. This effect seems to be produced by an apoptotic process as shown by the exclusion of the dye propidium iodide and the annexin V-FITC binding. The capacity of the Boswellia carterii extract to accelerate the cellular death by an apoptotic process suggest that either the extract or its active compounds could have applications for the …
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
creator: Martín Dadé
creator: Jose Prieto-Garcia
creator: Flavio Fancini
creator: Guillermo Raúl Schinella
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Guillermo Raúl Schinella, José María Prieto, Flavio Fancini, Martín Dadé https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-01-31
publication date: 2024-01-31
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article2180

LEGALISING DRUGS OF ABUSE: THE LE CHATELIER THOUGHT EXPERIMENT
type: item
description: Background There is currently much debate on legalising some psychoactive materials such as Cannabis. This could stabilise policing costs, reduce crime, generate tax revenue and control sale by registration of outlets. Such outcomes are valuable, but legalisation may have unintended consequences that are deleterious to society or have no effects on crime or user’s health. Here, I propose that behaviour following changes to control of possession and supply may have outcomes that could be predicted by the equilibrium law proposed by Henry Le Chatelier. This law describes a system moving in such a way as to remove the constraints placed upon it. Aims The purpose of this opinion paper is to follow Le Chatelier’s Principle (LCP) as a thought experiment to predict the outcomes (products) of drug consumption (reactants) when factors influencing this consumption (conditions) are changed. If this equilibrium law can be applied to human behaviour, it may have value to predict the outcomes of these conditions and assess whether they are positive or injurious. It must be noted that the views expressed here are solely those of the author. Methods Pubmed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink and Google were used for literature searches and “drugs” will be used for drugs of abuse and distinct from medicinal drugs, apart from methadone and heroin (diamorphine). Results Applying LCP predicts that drug use may not necessarily decrease, but availability, poor health and criminal activity may increase use. The businesses behind drug treatment and illegal distribution have too much financial incentive to halt operations. Conclusion Organisations recommending legislative changes to drug control should conduct thought experiments to horizon scan for unintended consequences, that may be costly and deleterious to society. Governments often focus too heavily on the evidence base as the sole driver for change. However, common sense drawn from opinion from these experiments may lead to wisdom. Keywords…
subject: Opinion papers
  topic: section
subject: War on drugs
  topic: keywords
subject: Le Chatelier’s Principle
  topic: keywords
subject: psychoactive substances
  topic: keywords
subject: regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: legalisation
  topic: keywords
subject: drugs of abuse
  topic: keywords
creator: Simon Gibbons
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Simon Gibbons https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-12-29
publication date: 2023-12-29
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article1326

Quantification of Linalool in 3D Printed Fast-Dissolving Oral Films by A High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography Method
type: item
description: Introduction: Linalool has shown inhibitory effects against Candida albicans. Microbial resistance is developing towards the current antifungal drugs. Therefore, an oral formulation of linalool oil may be used to effectively treat oral thrush. A wide range of patients can use fast-dissolving oral films (FDFs). Three-dimensional printing (3DP) may be utilised for the manufacture of FDFs. Aims: to formulate linalool in FDFs and quantify it using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Methods: A powder formulation containing linalool (5%w/w) was prepared and filaments were produced at 75°C and printed at 185°C. The films were dissolved either in methanol or deionised water, and linalool was quantified in the aqueous solutions. The mobile phase of a previously reported HPLC method was modified to quantify linalool in the aqueous solutions. The HPLC method was validated by measuring linalool in standard methanol and aqueous solutions. Results: Preparing aqueous solutions of filaments and films provided less variability in the analyses. 3D-printed FDFs had an average weight of 78.44 ± 6.84 mg. Applying the HPLC method revealed that the amounts of linalool changed from a theoretical 25 mg (per 0.5 g of filament) to the range of 23.98 ± 1.22 to 33.79 ± 2.43 mg. In contrast, the amounts of linalool were changed in films from theoretical 25 mg (per 0.5 g of film) to 13.82 ± 3.24 mg to 21.04 ± 0.92 mg. These observations indicated the evaporation of linalool considerably during printing at 185 °C. Conclusion: This work found that linalool FDFs should be printed at temperatures lower than 185 °C and dissolved in deionised water for better HPLC analytical consistency.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: 3D printing; HPLC; Linalool; Lavender oil; Thrush; fast dissolving oral films
  topic: keywords
creator: Touraj Ehtezazi
creator: Asmaa Kteich
creator: Rana Abdulkarim
creator: Rachael Lynch
creator: Marwan Algellay
creator: Alice P McCloskey
creator: Matthew Roberts
creator: Satyajit D Sarker
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Touraj Ehtezazi, Asmaa Kteich, Rana Abdulkarim, Rachael Lynch, Marwan Algellay, Alice P McCloskey, Matthew Roberts, Satyajit D Sarker https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-10-20
publication date: 2023-10-20
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article845

How specific is Crispr-Cas9?
type: item
subject: Letters to the Editor
  topic: section
subject: Crispr-Cas9
  topic: keywords
subject: genetic engineering
  topic: keywords
subject: calystegines
  topic: keywords
subject: plant secondary metabolism
  topic: keywords
creator: Robert J. Nash
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Robert J. Nash https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-10-20
publication date: 2023-10-20
doi: 10.24377/jnpd.article1622